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Most German industrial machinery enters the USA at 0% MFN duty under HTS Chapter 84/85, but the effective cost depends on correct classification, freight and state use tax. Post-2025 policy kept most capital equipment duty-free; verify the exact HTS before quoting.
HTS codes and tariffs
| Equipment type | Typical HTS | MFN duty 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| CNC machine tools | 8458/8460 | 0% |
| Industrial pumps | 8413 | 0-2.5% |
| Valves | 8481 | 0-2.4% |
| Gearboxes | 8483 | 0% |
| Presses | 8462 | 0% |
Misclassification is the #1 cause of customs holds. Pay for a binding ruling (CBP ruling) if the product is borderline.
Customs clearance steps
- Confirm HTS with a customs broker
- File entry via ABI (Automated Broker Interface)
- Provide commercial invoice, packing list, EUR.1 if claiming preference
- Pay duty + MPF (0.3464%) + HMF (0.125%)
- State use tax assessed on arrival
Landed-cost worksheet
Worked example: a EUR 120,000 CNC (0% duty) shipped Rotterdam-Newark at EUR 4,500 freight. Landed cost = 120,000 + 4,500 + 0 duty + ~EUR 1,600 broker/MPF/HMF + state use tax. Budget 6-9% above ex-works for a duty-free item.
About the Author: Arshiya Sabaghi is the founder of German Industry Hub. With an MSc in Sales Management and experience at McKinsey & Company (Industrial AI), Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, and AkkoNobel, he connects international buyers with verified German manufacturers. Based in Amsterdam. Native German, English, Dutch, and Persian.